Characteristic features of the natural and social phenomena.
The process of developing explanations best understood as efforts to adapt a standardized conceptual schema for a given set of phenomena or to a given set of problems related to these phenomena. A paradigm is a system whose elements are the theory, method, and the rules applicable in a particular discipline in order to explain. Of particular importance for any paradigm is the fact that the methodological justification lies in its metaphysical assumptions about the nature of the phenomena being investigated. It is assumed, for example, the presence of pre-constituted world of phenomena, accessible to human cognition, which is the object of research; it is assumed that the essential characteristics of the world conform to the applicable methodological procedures. Understood in this way the paradigm has three different kinds of cognitive functions. First, it suggests what characteristics have by nature, but what it lacks. Second, it provides a map of nature. Third, it formulates a procedure by which the nature of the map used in the selection of facts that are important for further analysis.
The desire to use sociological positivist natural science paradigm necessarily requires prerequisites, which asserts that social phenomena have the same characteristics as natural. Positivist sociology, therefore. To prove this resemblance. Phenomenological sociology, by contrast, believes that positivists have misunderstood the nature of social phenomena, attributing to them similar to the phenomena of nature, and that therefore the positivist sociology as a whole is doomed to failure.
What are the characteristics of natural and social phenomena?
The first is that the natural world does not have the internal semantic structure. Natural phenomena have no intrinsic meaning. This is how Schutz wrote: "The case of scientists to decide which area of the natural universe, what facts and events in this region and what aspects of such facts and events thematically relevant to their particular purpose. These facts and events not previously selected or interpreted, they do not reveal the inner significance. " |